From Novice to Native: How Long Does It Take to Learn a Language?

By Rashmi Chugani

Chugani lists ten factors that affect the length of time it takes for adults to learn a language.

1. Prior language learning experience – Students who are studying a third language already have skills that will help them acquire the language more quickly than those studying another language for the first time.
2. Native language of the learner – If the grammar or vocabulary of the student’s native language is similar to the target language can make learning faster.
3. Instructional methods – When the method of learning matches students’ learning styles in addition to tracking their progress can also help.
4. Use of authentic resources – If learning tasks and projects should be similar to what students need to do each day. Tutoring is also recommended.
5. Age of learner – Unlike children, adults are more self-conscious and have outside responsibilities that cut into their time to study, but the use of language-learning apps can be beneficial.
6. The learning domain – Interaction with native speakers will accelerate acquisition, but games and more low-stakes activities in the classroom can help students practice.
7. Motivation and dedication – Students who practice more learn more quickly. Seeing their own progress can enhance motivation.
8. Starting proficiency level – Students who have previously studied the language will progress faster than those who have not. This also depends on students’ goals.
9. Cultural and social factors – Students need to understand that attending classes and taking tests are insufficient practice for learning a language.
10. Natural aptitude – Some students can learn a new language faster than others, but it is possible for all to succeed.

Chugani concludes that “with the right language training, there are many ways to increase the speed and efficiency of the learning process.”

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